Regulation of estrous cycle in hysterectomized albino rats by activation of follicular development.

Wistar strain albino rats were hysterectomized and the estrous cycle was compared with sham operated controls. Duration of estrous cycle in hysterectomized rats increased markedly with significant delay in the luteal phase and this was correlated to the inhibited follicular development of ovary. When these rats were treated with PGF2 alpha and PMSG and subjected to physical exercises, the estrous cycle was synchronised and the ovaries of such animals had active follicular development. Thus the deranged operation of sexual cycle in hysterectomized rats was regulated through physical exercises.

The role of cadmium in induction of atherosclerosis in rabbits.

Experiments were carried out in rabbits to determine the effects of prolonged treatment of cadmium (8 mg/kg/day) for a period of 6 months on histopathological changes and biochemical alterations of lipid profiles in various tissues compared to normal rabbits. No ECG changes were observed before and at the end of cadmium treatment. Histopathological studies of the coronary artery revealed atherosclerotic changes. Total lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids and phospholipids were significantly increased in heart and kidney, but decreased in serum and liver. Triglyceride content was increased significantly in heart and kidney with a significant depletion in liver and serum. It is postulated that atherosclerotic changes in rabbits probably occurred through toxic effects of cadmium but the exact mechanism needs to be elucidated.

Effect of prolactin on accessory sex organs of prepuberal male albino rats: an in vitro study.

The in vitro studies on the effect of hypophysial gonadotropins (PRL, FSH, LH) on the maturation events of accessory sex organs in prepuberal male rats revealed that prolactin (PRL) alone has both direct as well as androgen mediated effect on the maturation activities. The effect of PRL is age dependent and it had higher activation on the gland system than the duct system.

Regulation of hysterectomy induced derangements in ovarian carbohydrate metabolism in albino rats. II. Role of prostaglandin F2 alpha.

Wistar strain albino rats were subjected to bilateral hysterectomy surgically and the ovarian carbohydrate metabolism of these animals was compared with sham operated controls. The ovarian glycogen content of hysterectomized animals was elevated with inhibition of glycogenolysis, hexose mono and diphosphate pathways and oxidative metabolism. Administration of PGF2 alpha to hysterectomized animals led to activation of ovarian glycogenolysis and other pathways of carbohydrate metabolism of hysterectomized animals was restored towards normal level after PGF2 alpha substitution.

In vitro effects of gossypol and lactic acid on rat uterus and ovary during implantation and antiimplantation.

ATPase activity of uterus and ovary was markedly elevated in presence of gossypol and decreased in presence of lactic acid indicating activation and inhibition of energy metabolism by gossypol and lactic acid respectively. The elevated levels of glycogen in uterus indicate inhibition of glycogenolysis as supported by phosphorylase activity. Whereas in ovary the glycogen depletion indicates activation of glycogenolysis supported by phosphorylase activity. The activity levels of aldolase and G-6-PDH decreased in the uterus in presence of gossypol and increased in presence of lactic acid. The same were elevated in ovary indicating the activation of hexose mono and diphosphate pathways. Lactic acid accumulated in presence of both gossypol and lactic acid with a depletion in level of pyruvic acid in both the tissues. This situation in the uterus indicates the condition of anti-implantation in presence of both gossypol and lactic acid. The NAD-LDH activity was inhibited in presence of gossypol and activated in presence of lactic acid in both tissues.

Maturation events of epididymis in albino rats during puberal transition under hypo and hyperprolactinemia.

Hypoprolactinemia inhibited epididymal energy metabolism and steroidogenesis and retarded growth of epididymal structure. Hyperprolactinemia promoted the above parameters. Bromocriptine had no direct effect on epididymis, while prolactin directly influenced the tissue metabolism. The epididymal maturation seems to be dependent on the circulating levels of prolactin.

Pattern of lipid profiles in cardiovascular tissues of hysterectomized albino rats.

Heart, dorsal aorta and plasma significantly accumulated the lipid components such as triacylglycerol, cholesterol and glycerol in two months period of hysterectomy which may lead to the development of cardiovascular disorders. Administration of PGF2 alpha decreased the lipid fractions of cardiovascular tissues probably due to luteolysis and ovarian activation.

Effect of prolactin and bromocriptine administration on epididymal function--a biochemical study in rats.

The pattern of androgen dependent enzyme activities of epididymis was studied after the administration of prolactin and bromocriptine in albino rats. Prolactin activated the glycogenolysis and hexose mono and diphosphate pathways, which would be essential for sperm maturation. But bromocriptine inhibited these activities of epididymis. Hence role of bromocriptine in decreasing epididymal function has been suggested.

Effect of in vivo electrical stimulation on the carbohydrate metabolism of control and denervation atrophied muscle of dog, Canis domesticus.

The standardized programme of electrical stimulation was applied to the control and denervation atrophied muscle of dog, Canis domesticus and the pattern of changes in the carbohydrate metabolism was analysed in the control (C), denervated control (DC), control stimulated (CS) and denervated stimulated (DS) gastrocnemius muscles. The programme of electrical stimulation of the control muscle has elevated glycogenolysis, glycolysis and increased the level of operation of TCA cycle with decreased mobilization of carbohydrates into hexose monophosphate pathway, indicating the setting in of trained condition. Sciatectomy, on the other hand, lowered the level of operation of glycogenolysis and decreased the utilization of carbohydrates through hexose-mono and di-phosphate pathways and TCA cycle. The programme of electrical stimulation applied to the denervated muscle has restored the utilization of carbohydrates through hexose mono and diphosphate pathways and oxidative metabolism indicating the applicability of this programme of electrical stimulation in the treatment of muscular atrophy.

Effect of bilateral vasectomy on testicular metabolism in albino rats.

The adult Wistar strain albino rats were vasectomised by conventional method and maintained for six months. The vasectomized rat testis had elevated water content with depleted dry matter. Glycogen content was increased with indication of mobilization of hexoses into HMP pathway. The vasectomized rat testis showed preferential utilisation of triglycerides. In view of increased 3 beta-HSD and 17 beta-HSD activities, accelerated androgenesis was envisaged in vasectomized rat testis.

Skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during short-term and prolonged in vivo electrical stimulations.

Electrical stimulations were applied to the gastrocnemius muscle of intact frog. Rana hexadactyla (Lesson) for short-term (SMS) and prolonged (PMS) periods. Short-term muscular stimulations resulted in decreased glycogenolysis and glycolysis with depleted glycogen and lactic acid contents in the muscles and increased lactic acid content in the blood. The activity levels of SDH and MDH were decreased in SMS muscles. Prolonged muscular stimulations, on the other hand, increased glycogenolysis and glycogenolysis was suggested to be due to stepped-up glycogenesis. Tissue oxidative metabolism was also correlated with regulation of activities of enzymes concerned with anaerobic pathways.

Tissue lipid profiles in orchiectomized albino rats.

Bilateral orchiectomy has been performed in adult albino rats and tissue lipid profiles were compared with the controls. Both the reproductive and non-reproductive tissues and serum accumulated lipid with suppressed lipolysis on orchiectomy. The levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were elevated in all the tissues of orchiectomized rats. The phospholipid content of epididymis was significantly depleted, while the same was elevated in non-reproductive tissues.

Muscular training through localized in vivo electrical stimulations.

In vivo electrical stimulations were applied to the gastrocnemius muscles of intact frogs for prolonged periods which lead to improved muscular efficiency and delayed onset of fatigue. The muscular strength improvement was correlated to increased tissue contractile proteins and decreased collagen content. Elevated levels of muscular fuels, mitochondrial content, oxidative metabolism in the stimulated muscles were suggested to be responsible for the delayed onset of fatigue. In view in these characteristics regarding the improvement at physical and metabolic levels, the muscles exposed to chronic electrical stimulations were termed as trained muscles. The applicability of electrical stimulations to induce the training effects into the muscles in atrophic and dystrophic conditions to avert the muscle wastings was suggested.

Pattern of skeletal muscle chemical composition during in vivo electrical stimulations.

Electrical stimulations of low voltage, frequency and short duration of time are suitable for amphibian muscle to induce localized muscular exercise in an intact animal. The pattern of changes in the muscle chemical components on chronic exposure to repeated electrical stimulations suggested the onset of regulation on muscle metabolism leading to carbohydrate sparing process and muscular hypertrophy. The applicability of this procedure to prevent the muscle wasting in atrophic and dystrophic muscles is suggested.